A comparison of classical and high dimensional harmonic balance approaches for a Duffing oscillator

The present study focuses on a novel harmonic balance formulation, which is much easier to implement than the standard/classical harmonic balance method for complex nonlinear mathematical models and algorithms. Both harmonic balance approaches are applied to Duffing’s oscillator to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches. A fundamental understanding of the difference between these two methods is achieved, and the properties of each method are analyzed in detail.