Oxide electrochromics: An introduction to devices and materials

Electrochromics is introduced as a key “green” technology for producing massive energy savings in the built environment, jointly with indoor comfort and financial benefits. The paper discusses basic electrochromic device designs, useful oxide materials and their nanostructures, and elements of a theoretical description of the electrochromic phenomenon. It also surveys critical manufacturing technologies and their pros and cons. Focus is then put on electrochromic foil technology, which is shown to be capable of mass fabrication via roll-to-roll web coating and continuous lamination.