Inward inversion of capped-end frusta as impact energy absorbers

Results of an experimental investigation on the quasi-static axial inward inversion of right circular frusta are given. Effects of wall thickness, frustum angle and material on inversion were studied by quasi-static as well as drop hammer dynamic tests. Finite element (FE) modeling and analysis of the deformation modes are presented. The results of the experimental and the FE analyses are discussed. A good agreement is reported between the force histories predicted by the FE study and the experimental results.