Protective and compensatory factors mitigating the influence of deviant friends on delinquent behaviours during early adolescence

This study examined factors that could moderate or compensate the link between exposure to deviant friends and delinquent behaviours in a sample of 265 early adolescents. The putative moderating or compensatory factors referred to the behavioural domain (i.e. novelty seeking, harm avoidance), the biological domain (i.e. physical maturation), the sociofamily domain (i.e. sociofamily adversity, parental practices), the school domain (i.e. academic performance), and the social domain (i.e. peer acceptance). A series of regression analyses showed that novelty seeking and puberty status moderated the link between friendsʹ self-reported delinquency and participantsʹ self-reported delinquency. In addition, all the factors except peer acceptance also had main effects that, cumulatively, reduced the association between friendsʹ delinquency and self-rated delinquency through compensatory main effects. These results are discussed in light of the differential roles of moderating and of compensatory factors.