Parametrical investigation of the effect of dead (reference) state on energy and exergy utilization efficiencies of residential–commercial sectors: A review and an application

For the first time, energy and exergy utilization efficiencies in a residential–commercial sector are investigated from the varying dead (reference) state viewpoint in this study. In this regard, the studies performed in this field are reviewed first. A parametric study is then conducted to study how varying dead state temperatures ranging from 0 to 25 ∘ C will effect energy and exergy utilization efficiencies in the residential–commercial sector. Next, a case study of the Turkish residential–commercial sector (TRCS), which includes space heating, water heating, cooking and electrical appliances, is also given to illustrate these variations based on the actual data in the year of 2003. Finally, the results obtained are discussed. The energy efficiency values for the TRCS are found from 51.95 to 80.82% and the exergy efficiency values for that are obtained from 8.11 to 11.92% at varying dead state temperatures from 25 to 0 ∘ C . It is anticipated that the results obtained will provide the investigators with knowledge about how effectively and efficiently a country uses its natural resources. This knowledge is also needed for identifying energy improvement potential as well as for dictating the energy strategies of a country or a society.