Energetic and exergetic assessment of the industrial sector at varying dead (reference) state temperatures: A review with an illustrative example

One of the keystones for obtaining sustainable development is the use of exergy analysis. The present study deals with the assessment of energy and exergy utilization efficiencies in the industrial sector. Attempts have also been made at understanding the effect of varying dead (reference) state temperatures on these efficiencies. In this context, the methodology used is presented first. It is then applied to Turkey, which is selected as an application country, based on the actual data for 2003. Finally, the results obtained are evaluated and discussed. The Turkish industrial sector (TIS) considered includes iron–steel, chemical–petrochemical, petrochemical–feedstock, cement, fertilizer, sugar, non-iron metal industry and others such as textile and yarn, glass and glassware production, paper, beverage and cigarette, food, wood, leather, etc. All activities in this sector are produced by using electricity and heat energy. Parametric expressions of energy and exergy efficiencies are developed as a function of the dead-state temperature. The energy and exergy efficiency values for the TIS are found to vary from 51.95% to 80.82% and 25.30% to 29.50% at the dead-state temperature variations between 0 and 25 °C, respectively. It is expected that this study will be very beneficial in developing energy policies of countries from the exergy management point of view.