Validation of the computational fluid–structure interaction simulation at real-scale tests of a flexible 29 m umbrella in natural wind flow

The sensitivity of membrane structures to wind loads due to their flexibility and small inertial masses raises the question of their behavior under natural wind conditions. Particularly transient wind loads could lead to dynamic amplification of the structural response. The assessment of the dynamic response of membrane structures is complex due to their special load carrying behavior, their material properties, and their distinct structural interaction with flow induced effects. Computationally intensive fluid–structure interaction simulation could overcome simplifications and limitations of existing approaches, especially small scale wind tunnel tests, and allow the assessment of all relevant structural and fluid phenomena. This paper outlines a virtual design methodology for lightweight flexible membrane structures under the impact of fluctuating wind loads and provides results on the unique validation of the method at real-scale tests of a highly flexible 29 m umbrella.