Tilt angle optimization to maximize incident solar radiation: A review

The tilt angle of a solar energy system is one of the important parameters for capturing maximum solar radiation falling on the solar panels. This angle is site specific as it depends on the daily, monthly and yearly path of the sun. The accurate determination of the optimum tilt angle for the location of interest is essential for maximum energy production by the system. A number of methods have been used for determining the tilt angle at different locations worldwide. Keeping in view the relevance of the optimum tilt angle in energy production and reducing the cost of solar energy systems, the present study has been undertaken. This paper provides the update status of research and applications of various methods for determining solar panel tilt angle using different optimization techniques. The study shows that for maximum energy gain, the optimum tilt angle for solar systems must be determined accurately for each location. The review will be useful for designers and researchers to select suitable methodology for determining optimal tilt angle for solar systems at any site.