Analysis of large-volume DNA markers and polymerase chain reaction products by capillary electrophoresis in the presence of electroosmotic flow

We have demonstrated on-line concentration and separation of DNA in the presence of electroosmotic flow (EOF) using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solutions. After injecting large-volumes DNA samples, PEO solutions entered a capillary filled with 400 mM Tris–borate (TB) buffers by EOF and acted as sieving matrices. DNA fragments stacked between the sample zone and PEO solutions. Because sample matrixes affected PEO adsorption on the capillary wall, leading to changes in EOF, migration time, concentration, and resolving power varied with the injection length. When injecting ΦX174 RF DNA–HaeIII digest prepared in 5 mM Tris–HCl buffer, pH 7.0, at 250 V/cm, peak height increased linearly as a function of injection volume up to 0.9 μl (injection time 150 s). The sensitivity improvement was 100-fold compare to that injected at 25 V/cm for 10 s (0.006 μl). When injecting 1.54 μl of GeneScan 1000 ROX, the sensitivity improvement was 265-fold. The sensitivity improvement was 40-fold when injecting 0.17 μl DNA sample containing pBR 322/HaeIII, pBR 328/BglI, and pBR 328/HinfI digests prepared in phosphate-buffered saline. This method allows the analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products amplified after 17 cycles when injecting 0.32 μl (at 30 cm height for 300 s). The total analysis time was shorter (91.6 min) than that (119.6 min) obtained from injecting PCR products after 32 cycles for 10 s.