Characterization of ageing products of ester-based synthetic lubricants by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and by electrospray ionization (tandem) mass spectrometry

Ageing products of a commercial jet engine oil based on pentaerythritol tetraesters which were formed upon operation in an aviation turbine were detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and characterized by LC–ESI-MS. The fatty acid composition of these ageing products was investigated by ESI-MS–MS analysis. The ammonium adducts of the newly formed pentaerythritol tetraester degradation products were found to be suitable parent ions for further structure elucidation work. ESI-MS, LC–ESI-MS and ESI-MS–MS proved to be versatile tools to study the chemical composition (distribution of homologues) as well as the mechanism of ageing of ester based lubricants on a molecular level. Due to its high sensitivity, ESI-MS can also be used to characterize and identify trace levels of ester-based lubricants.