Enantiomeric resolution of bupivacaine by high-performance liquid chromatography and chiroptical detection

This work reports a new analytical procedure for the separation and determination of the enantiomers of bupivacaine and the determination of the enantiomeric purity. The isomers were separated using a Chirex 3020 (250 mm × 4.6 mm) with a mobile phase of n-hexane:dichloroethane:ethanol (82:9:9, v/v/v) at a flow-rate of 1 ml min−1 and UV, polarimetric and circular dichroism (CD) detection. Obtained retention times were 5.93 and 7.53 min (R and S) with a resolution of Rs = 2.36. Precisions (RSD) were 1.83 and 2.02% (CD detection) and 3.07 and 1.26% (UV detection) for R- and S-enantiomers, respectively (at 10 μg level). Detection limits were 0.5 and 0.5 μg (R and S) with CD detection, and 0.9 and 0.3 μg with UV detection. Polarimetric detection was inadequate to perform a quantitative method at similar concentration ranges as UV and CD because of poor sensitivity. A procedure for determination of enantiomeric purity using a conventional chromatographic column (RP18, Luna) coupled to a CD detector and anisotropy factor (CD/UV) as analytical signal was also developed. Obtained results show that RSDs of 6.7–1.6% were obtained in the range of 0–100% enantiomeric purity.