Development of a method for the quantification of d-glucaric acid in different varieties of grapefruits by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectra

Grapefruits were found to contain d-glucaric acid, which has anticancer properties. In the present investigation, a method has been developed for the quantification of d-glucaric acid in grapefruit by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a simple isocratic mobile phase with detection at 210 nm. Grapefruit samples were homogenized, centrifuged and filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane and injected into a HPLC system. The developed method was used for the quantification of d-glucaric acid in nine widely used grapefruit varieties. Furthermore, the identity of d-glucaric acid was confirmed by mass spectra. Seasonal variation of d-glucaric acid within the individual varieties were also measured in fruits harvested during November, February and May. The overall trend of d-glucaric acid level was increased from early to late season fruits. The developed method has a sensitivity of d-glucaric acid as low as 0.05 μg with an accuracy and precision >95%. This method was found to be simple, fast, accurate and reproducible. Moreover, the identity of d-glucaric acid was confirmed by mass spectra. Additionally, the labor intensity and cost of sample preparation were greatly reduced as compared to reported methods. This is the first report on quantification of d-glucaric acid in different varieties of grapefruits from three harvesting sessions.