Novel liquid–liquid–solid microextraction method with molecularly imprinted polymer-coated stainless steel fiber for aqueous sample pretreatment

A novel liquid–liquid–solid microextraction (LLSME) method was developed to overcome the well-known water-compatibility problem of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The enrichment factors with MIP-LLSME method were within 70–210 for trace chloroacetanilide herbicides under optimized extraction conditions. The method was characterized by simplicity, low solvent-consumption and high selectivity, and it was suitable for the one-step pretreatment of various aqueous samples such as river water and farm water.