Comparison of different extraction methods for the analysis of fragrances from Lavandula species by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Various sampling techniques including solid-phase trapping solvent extraction (SPTE), headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), reduced pressure steam distillation (RPSD) and simultaneous steam distillation–solvent extraction (SDE) were compared for the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of the fragrances from the Lavandula species. Linalyl acetate (35.44%) and linalool (18.70%) were predominant components of Hidcote lavender samples obtained by SPTE whereas those levels were 2.63–4.04 and 36.80–43.47% in the same samples by RPSD and SDE, respectively. The partition coefficients between the headspace gaseous phase and HS-SPME fiber, and the relative concentration factors of the four characteristic components of the lavender were measured for relative evaluation of the fiber efficiency. Five different coatings were evaluated and 100-μm poly(dimethylsiloxane) was the most efficient for the successful extraction of lavender fragrances. A total of 43 compounds were identified by SPTE and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry from four Lavandula species. Lavandula angustifolia Hidcote species, which contains a higher level of linalyl acetate and linalool but little camphor, was evaluated as the highest quality among the four different Lavandula species.