Ginkgo biloba extract preserves pyruvate and enhances ascorbate in the cortex of gerbils during focal cerebral ischemia: A microdialysis–liquid chromatography study

The aim of this study was to evaluate dynamic changes in energy-related metabolites in the cortex of gerbils subjected to focal cerebral ischemia after pretreatment with Ginkgo biloba extract. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by occlusion of the right common carotid artery and the right middle cerebral artery for 60 min in anesthetized gerbils. A microdialysis probe was inserted into the cortex to monitor extracellular lactate, pyruvate and ascorbate during ischemia and reperfusion. The present study demonstrated a dynamic decrease in pyruvate (25% of baseline) and increases in lactate (160% of baseline) and ascorbate (300% of baseline) and a 5-fold increase in the lactate:pyruvate (L:P) ratio during cerebral ischemia in the control group. However, pyruvate levels were preserved and ascorbate levels were enhanced with a chronic pretreatment of Ginkgo biloba extract for 8 days (i.p., 100 mg kg−1 day−1). Preservation of pyruvate and enhancement of ascorbate observed in this study may be associated with the neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract.