Analysis of beer volatiles by polymeric imidazolium-solid phase microextraction coatings: Synthesis and characterization of polymeric imidazolium ionic liquids

Two polymeric ionic liquids, 3-(but-3″-en-1″-yl)-1-[2′-hydroxycyclohexyl]-1H-imidazol-3-ium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (IL-1) and 1-(2′-hydroxycyclohexyl)-3-(4″-vinylbenzyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (IL-2), have been synthesized by a free radical polymerization reaction and used as coatings for solid-phase microextraction (SPME). These new fibers exhibit good film stability, high thermal stability (270–290 °C) and long lifetimes, and are used for the extraction of volatile compounds in lemon beer using gas chromatography separation and flame ionization detection. The scanning electron micrographs of the fiber surface revealed a polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) film, which is distributed homogeneously on the fiber. The developed PIL fiber showed good linearity between 50 and 2000 μg/L with regression coefficients in the range of 0.996–0.999. The relative standard deviations (RSD) obtained in the peak area were found to vary between 1% and 12%, which assured that adequate repeatability was achieved. The spiked recoveries for three beer samples ranged from 78.4% to 123.6%. Experimental design has been employed in the optimization of extraction factors and robustness assessment. The polymeric IL-1 butenyl fiber showed a greater efficiency compared to the PDMS-DVB (65 μm) and CAR-PDMS (75 μm) for the extraction of all of the analytes studied.