Influence of the soil matrices on the analytical performance of headspace solid-phase microextraction for organotin analysis by gas chromatography-pulsed flame photometric detection

Organotin compounds (OTCs) have been identified in a variety of environmental media (air, surface water, groundwater, soil and sediments). In the past, much attention was assigned to the study of the OTCs content in biological samples, water and sediments. Little information about OTCs in soil is available. In this work, a procedure for butyl and phenyltin determination in soils by headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) gas chromatography-pulsed flame photometric detection (GC-PFPD) was investigated. For SPME analysis, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating was applied. Peat soil rich in organic matter and with a high cation-exchange capacity (CEC), and clay soil low in organic matter and with a low CEC were analysed. The influence of these different soil matrices on HS-SPME analysis was evaluated by spiking of samples. In general, the recoveries for the two spiked soils exceeded 80%. The repeatability of the method was better than 10%. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the ng Sn g−1 range. The technique may be reliably applied for the determination of butyltins and monophenyltin in soils, while it shows some limitations for the analysis of di- and triphenyltin (TPhT).