Direct analysis of artemisinin from Artemisia annua L. using high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector, and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector

Since the isolation of artemisinin 32 years ago, it has been analyzed by different chromatographic techniques. This work compared the analysis of artemisinin from crude plant samples by GC with flame ionization detection (GC–FID) and HPLC with evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC–ELSD). Data is also presented indicating that GC is suitable for the quantification of two of artemisinin precursors (arteannuin B and artemisinic acid) if a mass spectrometer is available. GC–FID and HPLC–ELSD were chosen because of their low cost compared to other detection methods, their ease of operation compared to HPLC with electrochemical detection, and because neither require artemisinin derivatization. Both GC–FID and HPLC–ELSD provided sensitive (ng level) and reproducible results for the analysis of artemisinin from field plants, with a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.86 between the two methods. Both methods could be easily adapted to the analysis of pharmaceutical-grade artemisinin.