Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography in analysis of Lamiaceae herbs: Characterisation and quantification of antioxidant phenolic acids

A fast and effective dynamic sonication assisted ethanol extraction method was developed for extracting phenolic acids from basil, oregano, rosemary, sage, spearmint and thyme of the Lamiaceae family. The results were compared with results obtained by conventional solvent extraction techniques. A comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) system interfaced to electrospray ionisation time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry was then optimised for analysis and quantification of the herb extracts. The optimised LC × LC system employed a combination of C18 and cyano columns. The relative standard deviations for the retention times were better than 0.05% (rosmarinic acid 0.1%) and those for the peak areas 2–14% (2 mg/l, n = 3). Limits of detection were 18–90 ng/ml. The LC × LC–MS method was applied to the quantitative analysis of phenolic acids, and the results were compared with those obtained with conventional LC–MS.