Low-carbon building assessment and multi-scale input–output analysis

Presented as a low-carbon building evaluation framework in this paper are detailed carbon emission account procedures for the life cycle of buildings in terms of nine stages as building construction, fitment, outdoor facility construction, transportation, operation, waste treatment, property management, demolition, and disposal for buildings, supported by integrated carbon intensity databases based on multi-scale input–output analysis, essential for low-carbon planning, procurement and supply chain design, and logistics management.