Vertex insertion approximates the crossing number of apex graphs

An apex graph is a graph G from which only one vertex v has to be removed to make it planar. We show that the crossing number of such G can be approximated up to a factor of Δ ( G − v ) ⋅ d ( v ) / 2 by solving the vertex inserting problem, i.e. inserting a vertex plus incident edges into an optimally chosen planar embedding of a planar graph. Since the latter problem can be solved in polynomial time, this establishes the first polynomial fixed-factor approximation algorithm for the crossing number problem of apex graphs with bounded degree. rmore, we extend this result by showing that the optimal solution for inserting multiple edges or vertices into a planar graph also approximates the crossing number of the resulting graph.