The Unitary Implementation of a Locally Compact Quantum Group Action

In this paper we study actions of locally compact quantum groups on von Neumann algebras and prove that every action has a canonical unitary implementation, paralleling Haagerupʹs classical result on the unitary implementation of a locally compact group action. This result is an important tool in the study of quantum groups in action. We will use it in this paper to study subfactors and inclusions of von Neumann algebras. When α is an action of the locally compact quantum group (M, Δ) on the von Neumann algebra N we can give necessary and sufficient conditions under which the inclusion Nα⊂N↪Mα⋉N is a basic construction. Here Nα denotes the fixed point algebra and Mα⋉N is the crossed product. When α is an outer and integrable action on a factor N we prove that the inclusion Nα⊂N is irreducible, of depth 2 and regular, giving a converse to the results of M. Enock and R. Nest (1996, J. Funct. Anal.137, 466–543; 1998, J. Funct. Anal.154, 67–109). Finally we prove the equivalence of minimal and outer actions and we generalize the main theorem of Yamanouchi (1999, Math. Scand.84, 297–319): every integrable outer action with infinite fixed point algebra is a dual action.