Numerical modeling of forced-convection heat transfer to lead–bismuth eutectic flowing in vertical annuli

This paper provides temperature and velocity distribution computations in heated annuli using RANS approach and employing three different turbulent viscosity models. In addition to comparison calculations an extensive sensitivity study was performed. The results show that the RANS approach and the turbulent viscosity models can be used for prediction of forced convection heat transfer to lead–bismuth-eutectic. However, the turbulent Prandtl number has to be carefully selected depending on the respective turbulence model.