Open design methodology in governmental decision making: The case of Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam

Open design methodology (mathematical modeling by means of linear and nonlinear programming with negotiable constraints) is applied to three options for the extension of Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam: tension at the current location, ving take-off and landing operations to an artificial island in the North Sea, and ing the island also to relieve other European airports from intercontinental air traffic. tter option has great potential, but requires that decision making on the issue be moved to an international level.