Modeling the heating of biological tissue based on the hyperbolic heat transfer equation

In modern surgery, a multitude of minimally intrusive operational techniques are used which are based on the point heating of target zones of human tissue via laser or radiofrequency currents. Traditionally, these processes are modeled by the bioheat equation introduced by Pennes, who considers Fourier’s theory of heat conduction. We present an alternative and more realistic model established using the hyperbolic equation of heat transfer. To demonstrate some features and advantages of our proposed method, we apply the results obtained to different types of tissue heating with high energy fluxes, in particular radiofrequency heating and pulsed laser treatment of the cornea to correct refractive errors. We hope that the results from our approach will help with refining surgical interventions in this novel field of medical treatment.