Fluid–structure interaction modeling of blood flow and cerebral aneurysm: Significance of artery and aneurysm shapes

Because wall shear stress (WSS) is known to play an important role in initiation, growth and rupture of cerebral aneurysm, predicting the hemodynamic forces near the aneurysmal site helps with understanding aneurysms better. Earlier research reports indicate that the WSS around the aneurysmal site has a significant relationship with the vascular and aneurysm morphology. It was also shown statistically that the aneurysm shape (aspect ratio) is an indicator of rupture risk in cerebral aneurysm. In this study, fluid–structure interaction (FSI) modeling of a ruptured aneurysm, two unruptured aneurysms at the middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation, and a MCA bifurcation without aneurysm is carried out using vascular geometries reconstructed from CT images. We use pulsatile boundary conditions based on a physiological flow velocity waveform and investigate the relationship between the hemodynamic forces and vascular morphology for different arteries and aneurysms. The results are compared with the results obtained for the rigid arterial wall to highlight the role of FSI in the patient-specific modeling of cerebral aneurysm. The results show that the interaction between the blood flow and arterial deformation alters the hemodynamic forces acting on the arterial wall and the interaction strongly depends on the individual aneurysm shapes. Flow impingement on the arterial wall plays a key role in determining the interaction and hemodynamic forces. When the blood flow impinges strongly on the wall, the maximum WSS tends to decrease due to the flow–wall interaction. When the blood flows straight into an aneurysm, the flow and the resulting WSS patterns are altered both qualitatively and quantitatively. When the blood in the aneurysm is nearly stagnant, a slow flow is induced by the wall motion, which raises the minimum WSS on the aneurysmal wall. The results reinforce the importance of FSI in patient-specific analysis of cerebral aneurysms.