Cylindrical element: Isogeometric model of continuum rod

A geometric mapping between a canonical cylindrical domain and a physical rod-like body is established and is utilized to analyze rod-like structures undergoing large deformations. A rod is described as a full three-dimensional continuum, yet parameterized only by surface control points. This description preserves the geometric smoothness, and allows for the consideration of lateral deformation in analysis. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the method.