Accessibility and Activity of the Promoter for a Dioxin-Inducible Ecto-ATPase Gene

We have analyzed the core promoter for a dioxin-inducible ecto-ATPase gene in mouse hepatoma cells. The transcriptional initiation site maps to a region that contains neither a TATA sequence nor a consensus initiator sequence nor a downstream promoter element. The core promoter has constitutive activity that does not require either the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor or its heterodimerization partner Arnt. Two GC-rich regions contribute approximately equally to the constitutive activity. Proteins constitutively occupy the GC-rich regions in chromatin. The promoter assumes a non-nucleosomal configuration in its native chromosomal setting in both uninduced and dioxin-induced cells. Our findings imply that the GC-rich regions together with their cognate binding proteins carry out core promoter functions for the ecto-ATPase gene. The promoter is constitutively accessible in situ, and chromatin structure is not a limiting factor for dioxin-inducible ecto-ATPase transcription in intact cells.