Fabrication of asymmetric chitosan GTR membranes for the treatment of periodontal disease

The asymmetric chitosan membranes were developed for the guided tissue regeneration (GTR) by using the two-step phase separation in this study. The bicontinuous structure on the top layer would be formed due to the liquid–liquid demixing by non-solvent induction and the pore size was ranged from 0.5 to 2 μm. The interconnected cellular pores ranged from 80 to 120 μm on the bottom layer would be created by the formation of ice crystals. The membrane developed in this research possessed good biocompatibility, tissue integration, cell occlusivity and osteoconduction, which would last for at least 3 months. The chitosan membrane also successfully prevented the proliferation of bacterial, which was significantly superior to all the commercial GTR products for now. The asymmetric structure would be appropriate for the release of complex drugs with different effective periods. The results showed that the asymmetric chitosan GTR membranes prepared in this study are promising for the treatment of periodontal diseases.