3-Hydroxykynurenine as a substrate/activator for mushroom tyrosinase

3-Hydroxykynurenine is a tryptophan metabolite with an o-aminophenol structure. It is both a tyrosinase activator and a substrate, reducing the lag phase, stimulating the monophenolase activity, and being oxidized to xanthommatin. In the early stage of monophenol hydroxylation, catechol accumulation takes place, whereas 3-hydroxykynurenine is substantially unchanged and no significant amounts of the o-quinone are produced. These results suggest an activating action of 3-hydroxykynurenine toward o-hydroxylation of monophenols. 3-Hydroxykynurenine could therefore well act as a physiological device to control phenolics metabolism to catechols and quinonoids.