Identification of the promoter region of the parathyroid hormone receptor gene responsible for transcriptional suppression by insulin-like growth factor-I

We investigated parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related protein receptor (PTH1R) gene suppression induced by insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I using a rat osteoblast-like cell line (UMR-106). Observations were made with PD98059, a specific ERK signaling pathway inhibitor, and UMR-106 cells transfected with dominant negative or constitutively active forms of MAP kinase kinase. IGF-I inhibited PTH1R gene expression via an ERK1/2 MAP kinase pathway. We cloned the 8-kb promoter region of the rat PTH1R gene and characterized the U3 promoter, a major IGF-I-responsive promoter among the two present in rat osteoblasts. The IGF-I-suppressive region was between +1 and +25, identical to the previously described PTH-suppressive region (PTHSR). Gel mobility-shift detected a specific DNA–protein complex decreased by IGF-I. Mutation involving a three base sequence (+1 to +3) among more than 3.5 kb constituting the PTH1R promoter region completely abolished IGF-I action. Thus, IGF-I signaling may act at the osteoblast exon U3 transcription initiation site to repress the transcriptional activity.