Generation of a homology model for the human cytochrome P450, CYP24A1, and the testing of putative substrate binding residues by site-directed mutagenesis and enzyme activity studies

A systematic analysis of conserved H-bonding patterns and tertiary structural motifs from 13 crystal structures was used to create a homology model for the human multicatalytic cytochrome P450, CYP24A1, involved in catabolism of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The substrate was docked in the active site and used to identify potential substrate contact residues in the B′ helix, B′/C loop, F-helix and the β-5 hairpin. Seven CYP24A1 mutants were created and studied by mammalian cell transfection and CYP24A1 activity assay. Mutants showed reduced metabolic rates and altered metabolite patterns compared to wild-type. We conclude that: Ile-131 positions substrate via A-ring and cis-triene contacts; Trp-134 and Gly-499 are determinants of substrate access; Leu-148 contacts the substrate side-chain; Met-246 is important in mediating regioselectivity. Our findings validate the new model of CYP24A1, which can now be used to predict structural modifications for rational vitamin D drug design.