Optimization of fineness to maximize the strength activity of high-calcium ground fly ash – Portland cement composites

Depending on their physical and chemical properties and the amount of replacements with cement, fly ashes may provide an economical production possibility in concrete industry and improve the mechanical and durability performance of concrete. In recent years, ultrafine fly ash has become one of the necessary ingredients of high-performance concrete. However, many of the fly ashes are coarse in nature, hence grinding is necessary to obtain sufficient performance in concrete production. In this study, the effect of grinding on strength activity of ground high-calcium fly ashes was investigated. Physical characteristics such as sieve fineness, grain particle size characteristics and Blaine specific surface area were also determined and compared with raw fly ash. Some case studies and possible interactions between fineness of fly ash, strength and water demand of mortars were discussed. The optimization of fineness coupled with the adjustment of water content were found as the key parameters of effective utilization of high-calcium fly ashes from the view point of strength maximization of cement mortars.