Load carrying capacity assessment of a scaled masonry dome: Simulations validated with non-destructive and destructive measurements

This study establishes a semi-empirical relationship to estimate the reduction in the load carrying capacity due to damage by exploiting the experimentally detected deviations in the natural frequencies for a tile dome. Finite element model developed to analyze the dome is calibrated against both non-destructive vibration measurements and destructive load–displacement measurements up to failure. The model is then executed to simulate incremental development of cracks. The first natural frequency and remaining load carrying capacity of the dome are monitored to define the desired empirical relationship, which is ultimately generalized for spherical domes with varying span-to-height ratios.