Palladium/P(t-Bu)3-catalyzed synthesis of N-aryl azoles and application to the synthesis of 4,4′,4′′-tris(N-azolyl)triphenylamines

Palladium/P(t-Bu)3 catalyzed the coupling of aryl halides with azoles such as pyrrole, indole, and carbazole, effectively. K2CO3 and Rb2CO3 worked very well as bases, whereas Cs2CO3 and t-BuONa gave only trace yields of products. Triazolyl compounds such as TCTA were also synthesized.