Three-dimensional analysis of concrete dams including contraction joint non-linearity

In this study, a non-linear joint element was developed to represent the dynamic behaviour of vertical contraction joints in concrete dams. This element can be used to describe partial joint opening and closing as well as tangential displacement. Joint opening and closure are governed by normal stress criteria; tangential displacement is governed by the Mohr–Coulomb friction criterion. This joint model was incorporated into a non-linear finite element analysis program for concrete dams. Validation of the model was done on the Big Tujunga arch dam. The program was then used to study the effect of joint opening/closing on the behaviour of the Outardes 3 gravity dam where potential joint movement was identified experimentally. The program can carry out energy analyses to evaluate the amount of energy dissipated in contraction joints during seismic events, in addition to dynamic and thermal analyses of concrete dams.