A sequential injection spectrophotometric method for the determination of penicillamine in pharmaceutical products by complexation with iron(III) in acidic media

A simple, robust and sensitive sequential injection spectrophotometric method for the assay of penicillamine (PA) in pharmaceutical formulations is developed. The method was based on the complex formation when PA is reacted with iron(III) solution in hydrochloric acid media. The deep blue colored PA–iron(III) complex produced is monitored at a maximum wavelength of 600 nm. A five level orthogonal array design coupled to genetic algorithm was employed to obtain the optimum experimental conditions for the determination of PA using peak absorbance as the measure of the systemʹs performance criterion. A linear dynamic range for the determination of PA of 25–300 ppm was obtained with a sampling frequency of 50 h−1 and a relative standard deviation of less than 0.98%. The method was successfully applied to the determination of PA in pharmaceutical formulations.