Differentiation of young red wines based on cultivar and geographical origin with application of chemometrics of principal polyphenolic constituents

Nineteen major polyphenolic phytochemicals including hydroxycinnamate derivatives, flavanols, flavonols, and anthocyanins, were determined in 40 experimental red wines employing HPLC-DAD. All wines analysed were young (non-aged), produced, and stored under identical conditions, in an effort to minimize the effect of oak wood and vinification technology. The data obtained from this examination composed the matrix for the implementation of chemometrics, which aimed at differentiating the wine samples on the basis of cultivar and geographical region of origin. Discriminant analysis performed at a 95% significance level revealed a very satisfactory categorization of the samples both in terms of cultivar and region of origin, thus illustrating the validity of major phenolic phytochemicals for studies pertaining to wine quality and authenticity.