Direct determination of iron and manganese in wine using the reference element technique and fast sequential multi-element flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A procedure is proposed for the direct determination of manganese and iron in wine employing fast sequential flame atomic absorption spectrometry and the reference element technique to correct for matrix effects. Cobalt, silver, nickel and indium have been tested as reference elements. The results demonstrated that cobalt and indium at a concentration of 2 and 10 mg L−1 were efficient for quantification of manganese and iron, respectively. Under these conditions, manganese and iron could be determined with quantification limits of 27 and 40 μg L−1, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the determination of manganese and iron in 16 wine samples. The content of manganese varied from 0.78 to 2.89 mg L−1 and that of iron from 0.88 to 9.22 mg L−1. The analytical results were compared with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry after complete mineralization using acid digestion. The statistical comparison by a t-test (95% confidence level) showed no significant difference between the results.