Ligandless dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the separation of trace amounts of silver ions in water samples and flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination

In this article, a new ligandless dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method has been developed for preconcentration of trace quantities of silver as a prior step to its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. In the proposed approach, carbon tetrachloride and ethanol were used as extraction and dispersive solvents. Several factors that may be affected on the extraction process, like, extraction solvent, disperser solvent, the volume of extraction and disperser solvent, pH of the aqueous solution and extraction time were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 5.0 ng mL−1 to 2.0 μg mL−1 of silver with R2 = 0.9995 (n = 9) and detection limit based on three times the standard deviation of the blank (3Sb) was 1.2 ng mL−1 in original solution. The relative standard deviation for eight replicate determination of 0.5 μg mL−1 silver was ±1.5%. The high efficiency of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction to carry out the determination of silver in complex matrices was demonstrated. The proposed method has been applied for determination of trace amount of silver in standard and water samples with satisfactory results.