Dual-sensitive probe 1-imidazole-2-(5-benzoacridine)-ethanone for the determination of amines in environmental water using HPLC with fluorescence detection and online atmospheric chemical ionization-mass spectrometry identification

Dual-sensitive probe of 1-imidazole-2-(5-benzoacridine)-ethanone (IBAE) for the determination of free amines with fluorescence detection and online highly sensitive atmospheric chemical ionization-mass spectrometry identification (APCI-MS) has been developed. 2-(Benzoacridine)-5-acetic acid (BAAA) reacts with coupling agent N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) to form a highly activated amide intermediate 1-imidazole-2-(5-benzoacridine)-ethanone (IBAE), which is dual-sensitive probe. The amide intermediate (IBAE) reacts preferably with amines in dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent to give the high yields of derivatives. IBAE-amine derivatives are not only sensitive to fluorescence but also to MS ionizable efficiency. The percent ionization δ values change from 0 to 57.32% in aqueous acetonitrile and from 0 to 62.14% in aqueous methanol. The relative standard deviations of the peak areas with fluorescence detection for each amine are <1.24% (40 ng/ml, n = 6). The fluorescence detection limits (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3) are in the range of 0.15–0.50 ng/ml. The online APCI-MS detection limits are in the range of 2.07–8.51 ng/ml (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3). Therefore, the facile IBAE intermediate derivatization allowed the development of a highly sensitive and specific method for the quantitative analysis of trace levels of amines in environmental water.