Observations on the intramolecular Heck reactions of aromatic chlorides using palladium/imidazolium salts

The intramolecular Heck reaction of aromatic amines and ethers using palladium/imidazolium salts is described. The use of tetra-n-butylammonium halide salts facilitates the reactivity of aromatic chlorides. An unexpected and novel palladium-mediated cyclisation is also described leading to the formation of a tricyclic adduct.