Optimization of a novel method based on solidification of floating organic droplet by high-performance liquid chromatography for evaluation of antifungal drugs in biological samples

In this study, a simple, rapid, and highly efficient liquid-phase microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic droplet was coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array detection (HPLC–PDA) for determination of ketoconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole as antifungal drugs. Central composite design (CCD) was used for optimization of several factors affecting the extraction efficiency. The optimized conditions were established to be 550 rpm for stirring rate, 35 min for extraction time, 57 °C for extraction temperature, 8.5 for solution pH, 10 μl for organic solvent volume, and 7% (w/v) of NaCl for ionic strength. Limit of detections (LODs) of the extraction method ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 μg L−1 and the linear dynamic ranges (LDRs) ranged from 0.1 to 300 μg L−1 for the three antifungal drugs. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the proposed method were 5–11%. Preconcentration factors in the range of 306–1350 were obtained at extraction time of 35 min. Finally, performance of the proposed method was evaluated for the extraction and determination of the drugs’ levels in microgram per liter in samples and satisfactory results were obtained.