Molecularly imprinted polymer for selective extraction of domoic acid from seafood coupled with high-performance liquid chromatographic determination

In this work, a highly selective sample cleanup procedure that combining molecular imprinting technique (MIT) and solid phase extraction (SPE) was developed for the isolation of domoic acid (a fascinating marine toxin) from seafood samples. The molecular imprinting polymer (MIP) for domoic acid was prepared using 1,3,5-pentanetricarboxylic acid as the template molecule instead of domoic acid. 4-Vinyl pyridine was used as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was used as the cross-linking monomer. The obtained imprinted polymer showed high affinity to domoic acid and was used as selective sorbent for the SPE of domoic acid from seafood samples. An off-line molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) method followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode-array detection for the detection of domoic acid was also established. Good linearity was obtained from 0.5 mg L−1 to 25 mg L−1 (R2 > 0.99) with a quantitation limit of 0.1 mg L−1, which was sufficient to determine domoic acid at the maximum level permitted by several authorities. The mean recoveries of domoic acid from mussel extracts were 93.4–96.7%. It was demonstrated that the proposed MISPE–HPLC method could be applied to direct determination of domoic acid from seafood samples.