Optical nanobiosensor: A new analytical tool for monitoring carboplatin–DNA interaction in vitro

The interaction of DNA and Carboplatin was studied with DNA labeled gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) based optical nanobiosensor. Carboplatin, a cytotoxic drug, is responsible for producing nephrotoxicity at effective dose. Thus, we have developed optical nanobiosensor for monitoring carboplatin–DNA interaction based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) phenomenon. Paracetamol, an analgesic agent, was used as controlled drug in this study. The DNA labeled AuNPs, exposed to carboplatin, a binding event among the DNA and carboplatin takes place, resulting in a conformational change within the biosensor complex which decreases the distance among the fluorescent molecules or the fluorescent/quencher molecules. As the carboplatin interact with DNA, an increase in fluorescence intensity was observed. So, the major difference in increased fluorescence intensity between carboplatin–DNA and paracetamol–DNA interaction shows significant observations. Results have demonstrated that Optical sensor is able to rapidly and effectively monitor carboplatin–DNA interaction with a detection limit up to 0.45 μg/ml. This suggests that the developed optical nanobiosensor was ideal for monitoring Drug–DNA interaction studies while performing combinatorial synthesis for new drug development.