Biogas steam and oxidative reforming processes for synthesis gas and hydrogen production in conventional and microreactor reaction systems

In this work, a renewable source, biogas, was used for synthesis gas and hydrogen generation by steam reforming (SR) or oxidative reforming (OR) processes. Several Ni-based catalysts and a bimetallic Rh–Ni catalyst supported on magnesia or alumina modified with oxides like CeO2 and ZrO2 were used. For all the experiments, a synthetic biogas which consisted of 60% CH4 and 40% CO2 (vol.) was fed and tested in a fixed bed reactor system and in a microreactor reaction system at 1073 K and atmospheric pressure. The catalysts which achieved high activity and stability were impregnated in a microreactor to explore the viability of process intensification. For the SR process different steam to carbon ratios, S/C, varied from 1.0 to 3.0 were used. In the case of OR process the O2/CH4 ratio was varied from 0.125 to 0.50. Comparing conventional and microreactor reaction systems, one order of magnitude higher TOF and productivity values were obtained in the microreactors, while for all the tested catalysts a similar activity results were achieved. Physicochemical characterization of catalysts samples by ICP-AES, N2 physisorption, H2 chemisorption, TPR, SEM, XPS and XRD showed differences in chemical state, metal–support interactions, average crystallite sizes and redox properties of nickel and rhodium metal particles, indicating the importance of the morphological and surface properties of metal phases in driving the reforming activity.