Comparison of ultrasound-assisted extraction and direct immersion solid-phase microextraction methods for the analysis of monoterpenoids in wine

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and direct immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) were evaluated for the monoterpenic compounds determination in wine samples. The wine extracts obtained were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The optimization of the variables affecting UAE and SPME methods was carried out in order to achieve the best extraction efficiency. Both UAE and SPME are quantitative (recoveries in the range 93–97% and 71.8–90.9%, respectively), precise (coefficients of variation below 5.5%), sensitive (limits of detection between 30–39 μg L−1 and 11–25 μg L−1, respectively) and linear over one order of magnitude. The application of both methods to red wine samples showed that UAE provided higher extraction of monoterpenic compounds than SPME. Although SPME remains an attractive alternative technique due to its speed, low sample volume requirements and solvent free character.