Improvement of tomographic intensity modulated radiotherapy dose distributions using periodic shifting of arc abutment regions

The aim of this work is to describe methods of determining the fluorescence and Auger spectra due to decay of radionuclides or a single atomic-subshell ionization. First discussed is the electron vacancy generation in an atomic subshell by ionization, internal-conversion decay, or electroncapture decay. Later discussed is the status of electron vacancy following emission of fluorescence x rays and Auger electrons. Special attention is given to the relaxation probabilities and the procedures to calculate energies of released electrons. Also discussed are the Monte Carlo and deterministic methods to calculate vacancy cascades.