The effect of substrate roughness on the static friction of CuO nanowires

The dependence of static friction on surface roughness was measured for copper oxide nanowires on silicon wafers coated with amorphous silicon. The surface roughness of the substrate was varied to different extent by the chemical etching of the substrates. For friction measurements, the nanowires (NWs) were pushed by an atomic-force microscope (AFM) tip at one end of the NW until complete displacement of the NW was achieved. The elastic bending profile of a NW during this manipulation process was used to calculate the ultimate static friction force. A strong dependence of static friction on surface roughness was demonstrated. The real contact area and interfacial shear strength were estimated using a multiple elastic asperity model, which is based on the Derjaguin–Muller–Toporov (DMT) contact mechanics. The model included vertical elastic flexure of NW rested on high asperities due to van der Waals force.