The hydrodynamic behavior of the liquid–solid circulating fluidized bed ion exchange system for cesium removal

In this work, experimental studies on the hydrodynamics have been carried out in a cold model liquid–solid circulating fluidized bed (LSCFB) ion exchange system where the riser is operated in the circulating fluidization regime and the downcomer in the state of slow-moving packed bed, with the aim of removing cesium from high radioactive liquid waste. Two circulating fluidization zones, the initial and the fully developed, have been observed. The solids circulation rate can be controlled merely by the primary liquid flow if the auxiliary liquid flow is set to zero and the injection tap is located at the middle of the intersection of the riser and the solid-return pipe. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the number of the liquid feed assemblies (pumps, valves, flow meters, etc.), and this is crucial to the treatment of high radioactive waste. The liquid inevitably leaks through the solid-return pipe in most cases because of the “loosening effect” of the liquid feed flow, and the direction and magnitude of the leakage vary with the operating conditions. The system geometry, including the injection tap location and the riser outlet location, plays a very important role in the hydrodynamics of the LSCFB system.